Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that impacts the central nervous system, disrupting the flow of information between your brain and body. Symptoms range widely but can include fatigue, numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, vision problems, and difficulties with balance and coordination. There's currently no cure for MS, but treatments such as medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications can help manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and improve quality of life.

Common Questions & Answers

What are the first signs of MS?

The symptoms of MS can be unpredictable and appear in different combinations. Early MS symptoms often include blurred vision, red-green color distortion, trouble walking or with balance, and tingling or numbness of the skin.

There are no specific tests for MS, but it’s typically diagnosed by a neurologist. That person should conduct a medical history review, neurological exams, MRI scans, and sometimes spinal fluid analysis.

While MS isn't directly inherited, genetics may play a role in increasing your risk of developing the disease. Scientists have identified about 200 genes that contribute to overall risk.

Patients can better anticipate what to expect if they know which type they have. The four main types of MS are relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), primary progressive MS (PPMS), and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).

MS itself is rarely fatal, but it can reduce life expectancy. Studies have found it may shorten lifespan by six or seven years, but many people with MS live as long as the general population.

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Resources
  1. Multiple Sclerosis. Mayo Clinic. November 1, 2024.

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